Wakad, Pimpri-Chinchwad, Pune, care@sunmedhospital.com
Undescended Testicles
Undescended testicles, also known as cryptorchidism, is a condition in which one or both testicles fail to move down into the scrotum before birth. It is one of the most common genital abnormalities in male infants and can sometimes resolve on its own within the first few months of life. However, if the condition persists, medical intervention is necessary to prevent potential complications such as infertility or an increased risk of testicular cancer. Early detection and treatment are crucial for ensuring normal testicular function and development.
Undescended testicles occur when the testes, which develop in the abdomen during fetal growth, do not descend into the scrotum as expected before birth. Normally, testicular descent occurs during the last few months of pregnancy. This condition can affect one testicle (unilateral cryptorchidism) or both (bilateral cryptorchidism). Sometimes, the testicle may be located in the abdomen, groin, or just outside the scrotum. If left untreated, cryptorchidism can lead to developmental and reproductive health issues later in life.
The exact cause of undescended testicles is not always understandable, but several factors can contribute to the condition. These include:
Premature birth: Premature babies, born before 37 weeks of pregnancy have a higher risk as testicular descent happens between weeks 25-35 of development.
Family history: A genetic predisposition to cryptorchidism can increase the likelihood of the condition.
Hormonal imbalances: Insufficient production of hormones such as testosterone can interfere with normal testicular descent.
Low birth weight: Infants with a lower-than-average birth weight are more prone to the condition.
Maternal health factors: Conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy can influence testicular development.
Congenital syndromes: Certain genetic disorders like Down syndrome and other developmental abnormalities can be associated with undescended testicles.
The most obvious sign of an undescended testicle is the absence of one or both testicles in the scrotum. Other symptoms may include:
An asymmetrical or underdeveloped scrotumA testicle that can be felt in the groin but not in the scrotumMild discomfort or pain in the groin area (in some cases)A retractile testicle that moves between the groin and scrotum, which may require monitoring but often resolves naturallyIf undescended testicles are not treated timely, they can lead to various health complications, such as:
Infertility: Testicles that remain in the abdomen or groin are exposed to higher temperatures, which can impair sperm production and lead to fertility issues in adulthood.
Testicular cancer: The risk of developing testicular cancer is higher in individuals with a history of cryptorchidism, even if the condition is corrected.
Inguinal hernia: The condition is often associated with a weakness in the abdominal wall, leading to hernias that require surgical correction.
Testicular torsion: Undescended testicles are more prone to twisting, cutting off their blood supply and potentially leading to testicular loss.
Psychological impact: Boys with untreated cryptorchidism may experience self-esteem and body image concerns as they grow older.
A proper diagnosis of undescended testicles involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. The diagnostic process may include:
Physical examination: The doctor will carefully palpate the scrotum and groin to check for the presence of testicles.
Ultrasound imaging: Used to locate non-palpable testicles in the groin or abdominal area.
MRI scans: In complex cases, MRI can provide a more detailed view of the abdominal area to locate the testicle.
Hormonal tests: Blood tests to measure hormone levels and confirm the presence of testicular tissue.
The treatment approach for undescended testicles depends on the child's age, overall health, and the position of the testicle. Common treatment options include:
1. Observation and Monitoring:
In many cases, the testicle may descend on its own within the first 6 months of life. Regular check-ups are recommended to monitor progress.
2. Hormone Therapy:
Hormonal injections such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) may be used to stimulate testicular descent, although this treatment is not always effective.
3.Surgical Intervention:
Orchiopexy: A surgical procedure that relocates the undescended testicle into the scrotum and secures it in place. It is usually performed between 6 to 18 months of age to optimize fertility outcomes.Laparoscopic surgery: Minimally invasive surgery is used when the testicle is located deep within the abdomen and cannot be detected during a physical examination.While undescended testicles cannot always be prevented, early diagnosis and timely treatment significantly reduce the risk of complications. Parents should ensure regular pediatric check-ups to detect the condition early. The long-term outlook is generally positive, with most boys developing normal reproductive function after treatment. Routine self-examinations and follow-ups with a urologist are advised to monitor testicular health throughout life.
Sunmed Hospital offers expert pediatric urology care for the diagnosis and treatment of undescended testicles. Our team of experienced specialists provides personalized treatment plans using advanced diagnostic tools and minimally invasive surgical techniques. We prioritize your child's well-being by offering compassionate care, a child-friendly environment, and comprehensive post-treatment support to ensure long-term health.
Yes, in some cases, testicles may descend naturally within the first few months after birth.
Surgery is generally recommended between 6 to 12 months of age for optimal results.
Yes, orchiopexy is a commonly performed procedure with a high success rate and low risk of complications.
Timely treatment can significantly reduce fertility risks, although lifelong monitoring is recommended.
There is an increased risk of testicular cancer, making regular medical follow-ups important
The procedure typically takes about an hour, with a quick recovery period.
Untreated, undescended testicles can lead to infertility, testicular torsion, and other complications.
Hormone therapy can sometimes help, but surgery is usually the most effective treatment.
Yes, most children can resume normal activities within a week after surgery.
If you notice an empty or asymmetrical scrotum, consult a pediatrician or urologist for evaluation.
